shorthand arithmetic assignment operators

Assignment and shorthand assignment operator in C

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• Shorthand assignment

Assignment operator is used to assign value to a variable (memory location). There is a single assignment operator = in C. It evaluates expression on right side of = symbol and assigns evaluated value to left side the variable.

For example consider the below assignment table.

The RHS of assignment operator must be a constant, expression or variable. Whereas LHS must be a variable (valid memory location).

Shorthand assignment operator

C supports a short variant of assignment operator called compound assignment or shorthand assignment. Shorthand assignment operator combines one of the arithmetic or bitwise operators with assignment operator.

For example, consider following C statements.

The above expression a = a + 2 is equivalent to a += 2 .

Similarly, there are many shorthand assignment operators. Below is a list of shorthand assignment operators in C.

• Shorthand Operators

Assignment Operators are used for assigning values to the variables in the program. There are two types of Assignment operators used. The first one being the Simple Assignment Operator and the other one being Shorthand Operators or Compound Assignment Operators. Expressions or Values can be assigned to the variable using Shorthand Assignment Operators. C++ supports both types of Assignment Operators. Let us look at the Shorthand Assignment Operators and their different types in this article below.

• Shorthand Assignment Operators combines one of the arithmetic or bitwise operators with the assignment operator. They are also called as compound assignment operators.
• A Shorthand Assignment Operator is a shorter way of expressing something that is already available in the programming statements.

C++ language offers its users a few special shorthand’s that simplifies the coding of certain expressions. It also saves coding time by using these Shorthand Operators in the program. Shorthand Assignment Operators have the lowest order of precedence i.e., they are the last to be evaluated in an expression.

Shorthand Assignment Operators follow the following Syntax –

variable_name operator = expression/value ;

which is equivalent to :

variable_name = variable_name operator expression/value ;  

Note:  The variable data type and the value assigned to it should match. Or else the compiler will give an error while running the program.

Browse all the Topics Under Operator and Expressions: Operators

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operator s
• Unary Operator
• Increment and Decrement Operators
• Relation Operator
• Logical Operators

Types of Shorthand Assignment Operators

Shorthand Assignment Operators are Binary Operators which require 2 values or 1 variable and another value/expression. One on the left and the other on the right side.

The following are types of Shorthand Assignment Operators

This type of Operator is a combination of Arithmetic Operator ‘+’ and Assignment Operator ‘=’. This operator adds the variable on the left with the value on the right and then assigns/saves the result to the variable on the left.

These types of Shorthand Operators are used with a combination of Subtraction Arithmetic Operator ‘-‘ and Assignment operator ‘=’.

These Shorthand Operators use a combination of Multiplication type of Arithmetic Operator ‘*’ and Simple Assignment operator ‘=‘. The variable to the left is multiplied with the value or expression to the right side and then the result is stored into the variable defined to the left.

Here, a combination of Division Arithmetic operator ‘/’ and Simple Assignment Operator ‘=’ is seen. The variable is divided by the value first and then the value is stored to the left, in the variable.

This type of operator uses Modulus Operator ‘%’ and an Assignment Operator ‘=’ in its syntax. It returns the Remainder of the two operands and stores the value in the variable to the left side of the statement.

Apart from the Assignment Operators, the Shorthand Operators are also used to define the Bitwise Operators.

Some of them are:

FAQs on Shorthand Operators

Q1. Which of the following is a valid assignment operator?

• All of the Above

Answer. Option D

Q2. What does the *= assignment operator do?

• Multiplies the value twice
• Multiplies variable with value once
• Used as exponent like 2*3 = 8
• None of the Above

Answer. Option B

Q3. Do the given two equations mean the same?

count += 1 ;

count = count + 1 ;

Answer. Option A

Q4. What is the final output of variable ‘a’ in the below program?

Answer. Option C.

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Assignment Operators In C++

In C++, the assignment operator forms the backbone of many algorithms and computational processes by performing a simple operation like assigning a value to a variable. It is denoted by equal sign ( = ) and provides one of the most basic operations in any programming language that is used to assign some value to the variables in C++ or in other words, it is used to store some kind of information.

The right-hand side value will be assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. The variable and the value should be of the same data type.

The value can be a literal or another variable of the same data type.

Compound Assignment Operators

In C++, the assignment operator can be combined into a single operator with some other operators to perform a combination of two operations in one single statement. These operators are called Compound Assignment Operators. There are 10 compound assignment operators in C++:

• Addition Assignment Operator ( += )
• Subtraction Assignment Operator ( -= )
• Multiplication Assignment Operator ( *= )
• Division Assignment Operator ( /= )
• Modulus Assignment Operator ( %= )
• Bitwise AND Assignment Operator ( &= )
• Bitwise OR Assignment Operator ( |= )
• Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator ( ^= )
• Left Shift Assignment Operator ( <<= )
• Right Shift Assignment Operator ( >>= )

Lets see each of them in detail.

1. Addition Assignment Operator (+=)

In C++, the addition assignment operator (+=) combines the addition operation with the variable assignment allowing you to increment the value of variable by a specified expression in a concise and efficient way.

This above expression is equivalent to the expression:

2. Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)

The subtraction assignment operator (-=) in C++ enables you to update the value of the variable by subtracting another value from it. This operator is especially useful when you need to perform subtraction and store the result back in the same variable.

3. Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=)

In C++, the multiplication assignment operator (*=) is used to update the value of the variable by multiplying it with another value.

4. Division Assignment Operator (/=)

The division assignment operator divides the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

5. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

The modulus assignment operator calculates the remainder when the variable on the left is divided by the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

6. Bitwise AND Assignment Operator (&=)

This operator performs a bitwise AND between the variable on the left and the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

7. Bitwise OR Assignment Operator (|=)

The bitwise OR assignment operator performs a bitwise OR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

8. Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator (^=)

The bitwise XOR assignment operator performs a bitwise XOR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

9. Left Shift Assignment Operator (<<=)

The left shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to left by the number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

10. Right Shift Assignment Operator (>>=)

The right shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to the right by a number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

Also, it is important to note that all of the above operators can be overloaded for custom operations with user-defined data types to perform the operations we want.

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C programming += – Assignment Operators in C Programming

C programming +=: Assignment Operators in C is used to assign a value to a variable. “=” is called simple assignment operator of C, it assigns values from right side operands(R value) to left side operand (L value).

The general syntax of assignment operator is:

For Example

• value = 1234;
• value = 4/2;

C also supports compound assignment operators or shorthand assignment operators. These operators are combination of arithmetic and assignment operators. They first perform arithematic operation between left and right operand and then assign the result to left operand. It first add 5 to A, and then assign result to A.

• A+=5; is equivalent to A = A+5; It first add 5 to A, and then assign result to A.

Below is the list of Shorthand Assignment Operators Supported in C.

C Program to show use of Shorthand Assignment Operators

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Assignment Operators in C

Assignment operators are used to assigning the result of an expression to a variable. Up to now, we have used the shorthand assignment operator “=”, which assigns the result of a right-hand expression to the left-hand variable. For example, in the expression x = y + z, the sum of y and z is assigned to x.

Another form of assignment operator is variable operator_symbol= expression ; which is equivalent to variable = variable operator_symbol expression;

We have the following different types of assignment and assignment short-hand operators.

Expected Output: