gcse geography case study booklet

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Case Study Booklet GCSE

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Complete case, example booklet.

####### Complete list of case studies and

####### named examples for the course:

Effects of and responses to a tectonic hazard in a HIC L’Aquila Effects of and responses to a tectonic hazard in a LIC Nepal Impacts of a Tropical Storm on people and the environment Typhoon Haiyan Extreme weather event in the UK Somerset Levels Example of a small scale ecosystem Freshwater pond, UK Case Study of a Tropical Rainforest Malaysian Rainforest Development of a Cold Environment Svalbard Coastal landforms and processes Dorset Coastal management strategies Lyme Regis Distinctive fluvial landforms River Tees River Management strategies Banbury Paper 1 Paper 2 Urban growth in an NEE (opportunities and challenges) Rio de Janeiro Urban growth in the UK (opportunities and challenges) Liverpool UK Urban regeneration project Albert Dock Growth of tourism in an LIC to reduce development gap Kenya Rapid economic development in an LIC Nigeria Modern industrial development can be more environmentally sustainable Torr Quarry, Somerset Advantages and disadvantages of a fossil fuel Natural gas in the Amazon Local renewable energy scheme in an LIC Rice husk biomass, Bihar India

Nepal Earthquake

Your example of an earthquake in a LIC What? 7 Magnitude Earthquake Where? NW of Kathmandu, Nepal When? 28 th April 2015 Why? The continental Indian plate is moving into the continental Eurasian plate forming fold mountains. IMPACTS Economic PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY International airport was destroyed. 50% of shops were destroyed $10bn total damage Tourism has declined Looting broke out Social PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY 8,800 people killed 26 hospitals destroyed Half of schools destroyed 1 million people homeless Huge food shortages Disease broke out due to buried bodies. Environmental PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY Death of wildlife species Large faults appeared in the ground 325 aftershocks Avalanche triggered on Mount Everest killing 19 people RESPONSES Immediate Long-term Helicopters rescued many people caught in avalanches on Mt Everest. Half a million tents issued to homeless. Search and rescue teams arrived quickly from the UK and India. 7000 schools need to be rebuilt or repaired. Stricter controls on building codes to be implemented In 2015 Nepal hosted an international conference to seek financial support from other countries. Why were the responses not very effective?

Nepal is a poor country and does not have reserves of money for disasters like this.
Emergency response was limited due to poor equipment.
Poor building standards meant most buildings collapsed.

Typhoon Haiyan

What? Category 5 typhoon Where? NW Pacific - Philippines When? 8 th November 2014 195 mph 400 mm 7m IMPACTS Economic PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY 30k fishing boats destroyed 1 tonnes crops destroyed 90% Tacloban city destroyed $5 billion total damage 6m lost source of income Damaged airport reduced trade/ tourism Social PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY 6,300 people killed 40,000 homes damaged Power lines/ hospitals destroyed 1 people homeless Outbreak of disease/ looting Power supplies cut off for a month in some places Environmental PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY Widespread flooding Thousands of trees uprooted Oil tanker capsized by flood Habitat destruction Freshwater contamination 800,000 litre oil leak RESPONSES Immediate Long-term 1200 evacuation centres set up. UK government sent emergency kits. US helicopters helped with search and rescue. 1m food packs and 250k litres water distributed within 2 weeks. Oxfam replaced fishing boats. ‘Cash for work’ programmes

people paid to clear debris and rebuild. More typhoon shelters built Storm surge warning system developed. Why was Typhoon Haiyan so devastating?
Extremely warm ocean temperatures fuelled the super typhoon.
Storm surge was incredibly high as it was channelled into a very narrow bay.
Hit one of the poorest regions of the Philippines – low quality housing, lack of education and high population density. Your named example of a tropical storm

A Freshwater Pond

Your Example of a Small-scale ecosystem Freshwater ponds provide a variety of habitats for plants and animals. There are big variations in the amount of light, water and oxygen available in different parts of a pond. Food Chain (Direct links between producers and consumers) Detritus (decaying leaves) Midge Larva Diving Beetle Perch (fish) Heron Producer (An organism that absorbs energy from the sun through photosynthesis). Consumer (Organism that consumers animals and/ or plants). Food Web (All connections between producers and consumers in an ecosystem) Interdependence - All organisms in an ecosystem depend upon each other. If the population of one organism rises or falls, then this can affect the rest of the ecosystem. Natural Change Human Change A drought could dry out the pond in places so that plants dry out and die. Fish may then be starved of oxygen and die too. Agricultural fertilisers can lead to eutrophication. Algae will grow out of control and deplete the oxygen – fish may die due to lack of oxygen. More perch are added to a pond. The perch will eat more small fish and frogs. With fewer frogs, slugs will increase as they have fewer predators. Herons will have less food to eat.

Deforestation in

 Malaysia is located in South East Asia  67% of the land is covered by rainforest  The rate of deforestation is increasing faster than any other tropical country in the world CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION IN MALAYSIA Logging Malaysia became the worlds largest exporter of tropical wood in the 1980’s. Road Building Roads are built to provide access to mines, new settlements and for logging trucks. Energy Projects The Bakun Dam generates 2400 MW of clean energy and 700km² of rainforest was flooded by the reservoir. Mineral Extraction Gold, copper and tin mining activities are common in Malaysia. Commercial Farming Malaysia is the largest exporter of palm oil in the world. Huge areas of forest have been cleared to create plantations. Population Pressure 15,000 hectares of rainforest were cleared for new settlers from urban areas between the 1950’s and 1980’s. Your Case Study of a Tropical Rainforest

Opportunities and

Challenges in svalbard.

 Svalbard is a Norwegian territory in the Arctic Ocean.  Its is the most northerly permanently inhabited place in the world.  60% of the land is covered by glaciers.  The capital is Longyearbyen. 7 °C - 30 °C More More than than Development Opportunities Development Challenges 300 jobs in coal mining It is the main economic activity – although environmental groups are against it as it contributes to climate change. 150 species of fish Breeding and nursery grounds The Barents Sea has one of the richest fish stocks in the world – however there are tight fishing quotas and fishing is not allowed during the breeding season. Geothermal Energy is a possibility in Svalbard Heat from the nearby Mid Atlantic Ridge could be used to generate renewable energy – however the power plants must be constructed first. 300 jobs in the tourism industry In 2011, 70,000 people visited Svalbard

most by cruise ship! Visitors look at the glaciers, wildlife and northern lights but can damage the environment if they are not careful. Extreme temperatures Winter temperatures can drop below - 30 ̊C. Working outside is very dangerous and so people must dress very warmly. Construction Most construction work must take place in summer due to low temperatures and limited light in winter. Permafrost can also damage buildings if it melts so buildings are often constructed on stilts. Services Getting water, electricity and sanitation to buildings is difficult in Svalbard. Pipes must be built over ground to prevent them from freezing or damaging the permafrost. Accessibility Svalbard can only be accessed by plane or ship. There is only 50km of road and most people use snowmobiles to get around. Your Case Study of a Cold Environment

Coastal Landforms

Located on the south coast of England
Stretches from Lyme Regis in the west to Bournemouth in the east.
Discordant geology leads to differential erosion – bands of chalk and limestone erode much more slowly than bands of clay and sand. Erosional Landforms Durdle Door An excellent example of a sea arch. Waves have eroded right through the limestone headland. Lulworth Cove On a concordant coast a band of weak clay has been rapidly eroded behind a resistant band of limestone to form a cove. Old Harry Rocks A chalk headland has been eroded by waves to form a sea stack (Old Harry) and a stump (Old Harry’s Wife). Depositional Landforms Chesil Beach An 18km stretch of beach with Britain's longest tombolo connecting Portland island to the mainland. Your Example of a section of coastline in the UK

Landforms on the

Your Example of a river valley in the UK - Located in the north east of England - Flows for 128km from it’s source in the Pennine Hills to it’s mouth at Middlesbrough on the North Sea. A variety of landforms can be found in the upper, middle and lower course of the River Tees. The landforms are determined by the dominant processes in each course (e. vertical/ lateral erosion or deposition). UPPER MIDDLE LOWER Upper Course High Force Waterfall The river drops 20m into the plunge pool below. The underlying limestone has eroded faster than the more resistant upper band of dolerite. Middle Course Barnard Castle Meanders As lateral erosion becomes the dominant process in the middle course, meanders are forms near Barnard Castle. Lower Course Levees at Newsham Repeated flooding has caused the development of raised banks (levees) along the lower course near Newsham.

Managing Floods at

Your Example of a flood management scheme in the UK - Located in the Cotswold Hills in the county of Oxfordshire. - The town has a population of 45,000. - The town is located on the floodplain of the River Cherwell

Banbury has a history of devastating floods.
In 1998 flooding affected 150 homes and businesses and shut local roads.
The flooding in 1998 cost £12. million of damage.
In 2007 the river burst its banks after very heavy rain and flooded much of central and western England.
A new flood storage area was constructed that can hold 3 million cubic metres of water.
New floodwalls have been built to protect homes and businesses.
A new pumping station transfers rainwater beyond the town.
New ponds, trees and hedgerows have been added to absorb water and boost biodiversity. Social, economic and environmental costs and benefits of the scheme Social Economic Environmental The raised A361 will remain open in future floods – reducing disruption to locals. Reduced levels of anxiety and depression through fear of flooding. The cost of the scheme was about £18 million. By protecting 441 houses and 73 businesses, the benefits are estimated to be over £100 million. New habitats have been created with ponds, trees and hedgerows. The floodplain will be deliberately allowed to flood when river levels are high.

Urban Growth in Rio

Your Case Study of Urban Growth in an NEE Rio de Janeiro is situated on the east coast of Brazil just north of the Tropic of Capricorn. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the largest city in Brazil – São Paulo is just to the west. Causes of Growth: Natural Increase Rural – Urban Migration Regional

Commuters travel into the city for employment.
Locals travel in to the city to visit the museums, galleries and festivals. National
Rio produces 5% of Brazil’s GDP.
Rio is the main hub for banking and finance in Brazil. International
Rio has 5 ports and 3 international airports.
The city hosted the 2014 world cup and the 2016 Olympic games. OPPORTUNITIES IN RIO DE JANEIRO Economic – Formal Jobs Rio provides 6% of all employment in Brazil. It is the most visited city in the southern hemisphere and tourism provides a huge number of jobs. The construction industry has boomed due to the world cup and Olympic games. Economic – Informal Jobs Approximately 60% of workers work in the informal sector. Many of these people live in the favelas and hold jobs such as street vendors, shoe-shiners, street recyclers and windscreen washers. Social - Education Rio contains 19 of the top 50 schools in the country and has 6 major universities. The illiteracy rate is 4% - one of the lowest rates in Brazil. Social - Healthcare Life expectancy in Rio is 77 – 4 years higher than Brazil’s average. There are 105 hospitals and infant mortality rates are 3 times lower than the national average. Social – Water Supply 95% of the population has mains water supply in Rio de Janeiro compared with only 65% of the rural population. Social – Energy Supply In Rio 99% of people have access to the power grid compared to 25% in some parts of the country. The Simplicio hydroelectric plant was built in 2013.

CHALLENGES IN RIO DE JANEIRO Economic – Unemployment Economic inequality is high in Rio. The richest 1% of people earn 12% of the city’s GDP. In favelas the unemployment rate is over 20% and those that do have a job are usually employed in the unreliable informal economy. Economic – Crime Murder, kidnapping, carjacking and armed assault occur regularly. Powerful gangs control drug trafficking in many of the favelas. Social – Healthcare In 2013 only 55% of the city had a local family health clinic. Services for pregnant women and the elderly were very poor, especially in the West Zone. Social - Education In Rio only half of all children continue their education beyond 14 as many of them get a job to support their families. Teenage pregnancy is also high. Environmental – Water Pollution Guanabara Bay is highly polluted as 200 tonnes of raw sewage and 50 tonnes of industrial waste pour into the bay each day. Ships also rinse their oil tanks into the bay regularly. Environmental – Air Pollution The number of cars in Rio has grown by 40% in the last decade and air pollution kills 5,000 people a year. Favela Bairro Project Complexo do Alemão is a group of favelas in Rio’s north zone with over 60,000 residents. It underwent a big improvement project in 2010. Successes:

Roads were paved and formally named.
Hillsides were secured to prevent landslides.
A cable car system was installed and residents were given on free return each day.
A Pacifying Police Unit patrols the favella to prevent drug gangs from taking control. Limitations:
The newly built roads are not being maintained.
Rents have risen as the favela became more popular.
More training is needed to improve literacy and employability.
The $1 billion does not cover improvements in every favela in Rio.

CHALLENGES IN LIVERPOOL Economic – Industrial Decline In the 20th century, industrial decline occurred in Liverpool. It left much of the inner city very deprived. Areas such as Anfield and Toxteth are among the most deprived areas in England. Economic – Housing Inequalities Areas that have been regenerated often boast better quality housing. The average semi detached house price in Anfield is£101,000 and in Woolton it is £230,000. Social - Education In more deprived areas school students achieve lower exam results. The proportion of students achieving 5 A*-C GCSEs in Woolton is 75% and in Anfield is only 54%. Social – Unhealthy Lifestyles In deprived areas, drinking, smoking and poor diets are more common. In Woolton there are 2,100 annual alcohol related deaths and in Anfield there are 3,400. Environmental - Dereliction As people left inner city areas, buildings were left empty. Derelict buildings are targets for graffiti and vandalism. Many areas such as Anfield became run down. Environmental – Greenfield Sites As people left inner city areas, buildings were left empty. Derelict buildings are targets for graffiti and vandalism. Many areas such as Anfield became run down. Albert Dock Regeneration Project Reasons for regeneration:  1 million square feet of wasted space  An eye-sore in the city centre  A symbolic site that highlighted deprivation Features of the Project:  A range of uses – bars, cafés, hotels and apartments.  Source of employment – 30 offices present in dock.  Environment was upgraded, with green spaces and planting areas. It is the most visited free attraction in North West England with 6 million people visiting it in 2016.

Economic Growth in Nigeria

Your Case Study of rapid economic growth in an NEE Nigeria is located in West Africa. It borders Chad, Niger, Benin and Cameroon. It has a coastline on the Gulf of Guinea Importance in Africa

Highest GDP in Africa.
Largest farm output in Africa.
Largest population in Africa – 182 million. International Importance
Worlds 21st largest economy.
12 th largest producer of oil in the world.
Fifth largest contributor to UN peacekeeping forces. Political
Previous civil wars slowed development.
Now has elections and a stable government. Social
Numerous ethnic and religious groups.
Social tension due to economic inequality between north and south. Environmental
Northern Nigeria is semi-desert
Southern Nigeria has high rainfall and cocoa and palm oil are grown. Cultural
Nigerian teams have won the African cup of nations 3 times.
Has its own film industry called ‘Nollywood’. Wider Context of the Country C h a n g i n g I n d u s t r I a l S t r u c t u r e
Proportion of workers in the primary sector has decreased from 70% to 40%.
Proportion of workers in the secondary sector has increased from 10% to 30%.
The proportion of workers in the tertiary sector has increased from 20% to 30%. Role of Shell in Nigeria Shell is a Trans National Corporation (TNC) - a large company that operates in several countries. It is one of the worlds largest oil companies with headquarters in the Netherlands. Shell has been exporting oil from Nigeria since 1958. Advantages:
Direct employment for 65,000 Nigerians.
Major contributions to Nigerian taxes.
Gives 91% of shell contracts to Nigerian companies. Disadvantages:
Oil spills have causes severe water pollution.
Oil flares send toxic fumes into the air.
Oil theft costs Shell and the government billions of dollars per year.
Multiple Choice

Subject : Geography

Discover more from: Geography GCSE Year 2 323 Documents Go to course
More from: Geography GCSE Year 2 323 Documents Go to course

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AQA 9-1 GCSE Geography Case Study Booklet

Subject: Geography

Age range: 14-16

Resource type: Assessment and revision

Last updated

12 March 2020

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GCSE Geography Case Study Booklet

All you need to know about incorporating case studies into GCSE Geography exam answers, plus essential information on dozens of e xample case studies.

Covers content for all specifications.

An introduction to case studies
How to revise case studies
How to answer a case study
Example questions/answers with comments on mark levels
Exam board specification and knowledge checklists
Essential information on 29 Example Case Studies

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